Developing digital technologies to monitor soil and crop health

WheatWatcher project unites monitoring soil health, plant health and food traceability through digital monitoring system.

June 25, 2025

Written by Roosi Soosaar

Introduction

The WheatWatcher project aims to ensure the production of safe, high-quality food by providing data-driven management and decision-making tools for farmers, mill owners, and policymakers. To achieve this, WheatWatcher is developing a comprehensive digital monitoring solution that integrates soil health monitoring, plant health assessment, and food traceability.

Soil monitoring system

WheatWatcher project develops an integrated soil monitoring system to assess soil nutrient status and chemical and biological stressors that affect wheat during its different growth stages. Soil monitoring system incorporates proximal soil sensing, utilizing both non-invasive and invasive sensors, along with an automatic sampling kit. Multi-sensor kit includes various detection methods that can be mounted on different soil equipment, such as tillage machines, planters, and seeders. It is capable of operating at depths ranging from 5 to 50 cm.

On-line multi-sensor platform (Mouazen, 2006)

Soil monitoring system will:

  • Analyse soil nutrient levels and identify chemical/biological stressors impacting wheat crops from germination through harvest.
  • Integrate high-resolution sensor data with predictive chemometric models to map soil conditions in real time.
  • Deliver scalable solutions via a cloud-based Decision Support System (DSS), enabling stakeholders to improve crop yields, reduce environmental footprints, and ensure food safety.

Mobile crop sensing platform

WheatWatcher project develops a mobile crop sensing platform that integrates multispectral and hyperspectral cameras to capture crop images across various spectral bands. This platform provides real-time information about issues such as nutrient deficiencies and diseases, enabling the early detection of plant stressors.

Decision support system

The decision support system collects and analyzes data to help land managers make site-specific decisions, such as soil remediation and targeted treatments for soil or crops. By using a machine learning model, it provides information about the current condition of the wheat and its growth potential.

The system receives data from the following sources:

  • Users
  • Sensor platfroms
  • Various available data sources, including UAVs, satellites, historical records, and national and European soil maps (e.g., LUCAS).

LUCAS Soil workflow from sampling to database generation from https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/lucas

Contamination detection

WheatWatcher project uses four sensing platforms: (1) stationary, (2) mobile soil, (3) mobile crop, and (4) remote sensing to collect comprehensive data on soil and wheat parameters. These platforms are specifically designed to detect nutrient imbalances and contamination indicators such as heavy metals, salinity, and hydrocarbons. Advanced sensors, including VIS-NIR spectroscopy, ion-selective electrodes, and remote sensing technologies, will be employed to ensure accurate and detailed measurements.

A comprehensive protocol will be developed to track contaminants throughout the production process, from soil to final wheat products. This protocol defines key quality and safety indicators and standardizes assessment methods across the entire production chain.

Zhang, 2021

Proximal sensing of soil - determines soil nutrient levels, chemical and biological stressors
Decision support system - combines public and farm data to make smart and effective decisions
Machine learning - supports precise, data-driven decisions tailored to specific locations
Food traceability system - tracks wheat from growth to consumption to ensure that food is safe and nutritious

Gurikar, 2023

EU food safety and environmental goals

WheatWatcher is developing a comprehensive digital monitoring system to create smarter and more sustainable solutions for farmers, mill operators, and policymakers.

A dedicated soil sensing platform will be created to collect and provide access to high-resolution data on soil parameters. This data, along with information from other sources, will be systematically integrated by a central machine learning model, forming a robust foundation for informed decision-making. The actionable insights generated will help optimize resource allocation, increase crop yields, and minimize environmental impact.

Partners

The WheatWatcher project is a partnership of 12 organisations led by Ghent University.

Downloads

Project details

Partners

  • Ghent University
  • Hahn-Schickard Society for Applied Research
  • Exobotic Technologies
  • Tel Aviv University
  • Weizmann Institute of Science
  • Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
  • The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam 
  • Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
  • University of Rostock
  • NGO Soil Protection Cluster 
  • ENA Development Consultants
  • The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation

Period

Oct 2024 - Sept 2028

https://wheatwatcher.eu/

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the grant agreement number 101156480.

Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency (REA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.